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Distributed Operating System  is a model where distributed applications are running on multiple computers linked by communications. A distributed operating system is an extension of the network operating system that supports higher levels of communication and integration of the machines on the network. This system looks to its users like an ordinary centralized operating system but runs on multiple, independent  central processing unit s (CPUs). Distributed systems use multiple central processors to serve multiple real-time applications and multiple users. Data processing jobs are distributed among the processors accordingly. The processors communicate with one another through various communication lines (such as high-speed buses or telephone lines). These are referred as  loosely coupled systems  or distributed systems. Processors in a distributed system may vary in size and function. These processors are referred as sites, nodes, c...
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A Real Time Operating System is a software component that rapidly switches between tasks, giving the impression that multiple programs are being executed at the same time on a single processing core. Eg: PSOS, VRTX, RT Linux, Lynx, etc TYPES OF REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM There are 3 types of real time operating systems:- 1. SOFT REAL TIME OS Soft real time OS is a type of OS where certain deadlines may be missed but they will respond at a time t=0+. Soft real time systems are not constrained to extreme rules. The critical time of the soft real time may be delayed to some extent. The expected latency between the tasks and time constraints may be deviated. The preemption period for a soft real time task is about few milliseconds. Eg: Digital camera, mobile phones, online data base etc 2. HARD REAL TIME OS Hard real time OS is a type of OS we can predict the deadline but they will respond at a time t=0. Hard real time systems are constrained to predicted time c...
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Batch processing is a technique in which an Operating System collects the programs and data together in a batch before processing starts.  Batch processing systems were introduced to avoid the problems of early systems i.e. more setup time. In this approach similar jobs were submitted to the CPU for processing and were run together. The main function of a batch processing system is to automatically keep executing the jobs in a batch. This is the important task of a batch processing system i.e. performed by the 'Batch Monitor' resided in the low end of main memory. Working of Batch OS   This technique was possible due to the invention of hard-disk drives and card readers so the jobs could be stored on the disk to create the pool of jobs for its execution as a batch. First the pooled jobs are read and executed by the batch monitor & then these jobs are grouped by placing the identical jobs in the same batch. So in this system, the batched jobs were executed...
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Cookies are messages that web servers pass to our web  browser  when we visit websites. Our browser stores each message in a small file . When we request another page from the server, our browser sends the cookie back to the server. These files typically contain information about us such as our name and interests. Examples:- Cookies are used for online shopping. Online stores use cookies that record any personal information that we enter so that we don't need to re-enter this information when we visit the website. It keeps a track of the items we add to our electronics cart as well & shows us similar advertisments. Servers can use cookies to provide personalized web pages according to our selected preferences. The server places the information in a cookie. When we return next time, the server uses the information in the cookie to create a customized page for us. History of Cookies The man responsible for cookies is  Lou Montulli . He de...
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An Operating System  manages the computer's  memory  and  processes  as well as all the  softwar e  and  hardware . Its  is the  most important software  that runs on a computer.  It also allows us to  communicate  with the other computer.  The O perating System   manages the   software   and   hardware  programs running on the computer at the same time.  The three most common operating systems are  Microsoft Windows ,  Mac OS X , and  Linux . WINDOWS VS LINUX WINDOWS OS Windows is a series of operating systems developed by Microsoft for personal desktops/devices or computer. It comes with a graphical user interface (GUI) with a desktop which allows a user to view all files, videos etc. The first version of Windows OS was released in 1985 which was a simple GUI with an extension of existing disk operating system (MS-DOS) and major release...
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