Batch processing is a technique in which an Operating System collects the programs and data together in a batch before processing starts. Batch processing systems were introduced to avoid the problems of early systems i.e. more setup time. In this approach similar jobs were submitted to the CPU for processing and were run together. The main function of a batch processing system is to automatically keep executing the jobs in a batch. This is the important task of a batch processing system i.e. performed by the 'Batch Monitor' resided in the low end of main memory. Working of Batch OS This technique was possible due to the invention of hard-disk drives and card readers so the jobs could be stored on the disk to create the pool of jobs for its execution as a batch. First the pooled jobs are read and executed by the batch monitor & then these jobs are grouped by placing the identical jobs in the same batch. So in this system, the batched jobs were executed...